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Analysis
Trending and strain-typing microbes
In industrial settings characterisation of micro-organisms is an important part of the comprehensive environmental monitoring programme. Strain-typing is the best resource in the case of a major excursion or sterility failure where characterisation to the strain level can be critical. Currently, there are two methods primarily used to differentiate accurately and reproducibly between closely related micro-organisms: ribotyping and single- and multi-locus sequence typing (S/MLST).
Analysis
Identifying microbes in non-sterile facilities
A well-designed environmental monitoring programme should detect the presence of bacteria, filamentous fungi and yeasts before product contamination occurs. It is important to be able to identify accurately the organism to the species, and possibly strain level, to track the potential origin of the contamination. Three methods are currently used in commercial settings: genotypic, proteotypic and phenotypic.